Support for an alternative to the classical proton gate characteristic of this HCO class is presented.

Natural organic matter and HCO 3 - were the main responsible for reducing CAP degradation in STP effluent.

A correlation was also demonstrated between the absence of the indel and the expression of the Hco-acr-8b transcript.

The purpose of this study was to examine the role of vagal-cholinergic regulation on human proximal duodenal mucosal HCO-3 secretion.

Conclusion: HCoVs could play significant role in causing upper respiratory tract infections among adults and older children in rural areas of Ghana.

The Hco-acr-8b transcript contains exons 1 and 2 and terminates with 347bp from within the intron 2.

The response to sham feeding was approximately 50% of the peak response to acid-stimulated HCO-3 output.

HCOs function as the terminal enzymes in the respiratory chain of mitochondria and aerobic prokaryotes, coupling molecular oxygen reduction to transmembrane proton pumping.

These findings indicate that basal human proximal duodenal mucosal HCO-3 secretion is maintained largely by resting cholinergic innervation and is stimulated by cephalic-vagal stimulation.

Among all HCOs, those made of intrinsic irregular neurons presented a wider burst frequency range while keeping a reliable regular oscillatory (bursting) behavior.

We also discuss how HCO-3 interacts with CFTR as both a permeating anion and a potential regulator of Cl- permeation through the CFTR ion channel.

Two-neuron CPG, half center oscillator (HCO), was obtained for each intrinsic behavior of the neurons by coupling them with mutual symmetric synaptic inhibition.